A cover of minute ice crystals on objects that are exposed to the air. Some of these are tree branches, plant stems, leaves, wires, poles, vehicles, rooftops, or aircraft skin. Frost is the same process by which dew is formed except that the temperature of the frosted object is below freezing. Frost can be light or heavy. It is important for gardeners in cooler climates to be familiar with the dates of first and last frost in their area. Because many plants evolved in tropical or sub-tropical climates, they are not tolerant of cold temperatures, and permanent damage is caused when the water held in plant cells freezes and expands, severing cell walls. Protect against frost by using row covers, cold frames, or other devices that trap warm air around plants.
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