Gardening in Small Spaces

Tips For Urban Gardening

Rule #1: Ask For Permission

If you live in a condominium or a town home, be sure you receive approval from your co-op board or HOA, (or if you rent, your landlord) before planting or modifying your balcony or patio space in any way. Most have very specific rules in place regarding gardening and landscaping - for example weight loads for balconies, and what type of alterations, if any, can be made to exterior walls.

Build Beds Out of Boxes

A small corner on a balcony can usually accommodate several 2 x 2 foot wooden boxes (6-inches deep) for growing vegetables and flowers. Fill them with a light weight potting soil and make an attractive display by stacking them at different heights using concrete blocks. For climbing plants, attach a vertical frame to the side of the boxes and tack on some netting.

Capitalize On the Sun

Vegetables require plenty of sunlight - at least 6 hours or more a day. What you can grow depends on how your outdoor space is orientated to the sun. Crops like tomatoes, peppers, and beans will be happiest in a warm, light-filled exposure to the south or west. Lettuce and root vegetables need less sun and can be grown in northern and eastern exposures, where sunlight is more limited. To maximize the amount of sun your plants receive, try using mirrors, light colored paint, and shiny accessories in the space to help capture and reflect the light.

Compost in Your Kitchen

Kitchen compost pails are the perfect way to recycle food scraps in apartments, small homes, and condominiums, because they allow you to produce compost directly in an airtight pail, which eliminates the odors. Larger systems could be placed on a rooftop, or - if the law allows - on a fire escape for shared use by several neighbors. For the more adventurous types, a shallow 2 x 2 foot box located in a broom closet is adequate space for vermicomposting (composting with worms). Worm boxes placed outdoors in colder climates need to be well insulated.

Consider Your Neighbors

Be sure to consider your neighbors (and their pets) when planning your garden space. More than likely your garden will be considered a welcome addition, providing that your plants don't block any scenic views and your container garden doesn't "rain" down on your neighbor's balcony every time you water your plants.

Get Creative with Containers

The latest trend in gardening is to mix flowers and vegetable crops within the same container. This is great news for gardeners with limited space, and easy to do as long as you choose plants that have similar overall growing requirements (e.g. both need full sun). When designing containers, the traditional concept of thriller (a "look-at-me" plant), fillers (middle level plants that fill in the gaps), and spillers (the trailing elements) still applies. Look for dwarf varieties of vegetables that are specially bred to grow in containers.

Plant for Pollution Tolerance

Trees and plants growing near busy city streets need to be able to endure constant exposure to soot, salt, car exhaust, and other toxins. They must also be able to withstand heat from the pavement, drought-like conditions, and tolerate growing in acidic soils. Tree species like oak, ash, elm, ginkgo, linden, and gray birch, are considered more "pollution-tolerant". For flowers, native species are usually more adaptable to sparse conditions. If you want to plant roses, choose some of the heartier Rugosa varieties. Keep the foliage of your trees and plants clean and healthy by occasionally spraying them with water or wiping their leaves clean with a damp sponge.

Plant Fruit Trees in Pots

A few well-placed dwarf varieties of apple, plum, pear, and cherry trees can make an attractive backdrop while giving you a delicious harvest. These small, attractive trees reach a height of 5 to 7 feet and bear fruit quickly. Figs, citrus, and soft fruits like strawberries and blueberries also do well in containers. Check the pollination requirements of each fruit. You may need more than one variety unless the tree is self-fertilizing. Make sure you use planters with wheels to make moving and rotating heavy pots easier.

Utilize Railings and Window Boxes

If your railings wide and flat, simply set a railing box on top of it and bolt it securely into place. Holders are also available for hanging standard size boxes on metal railings. Hang them on the outside of your railings to save balcony space. Hang them on the inside if you're worried about things falling to the ground. Use window boxes to grow dwarf vegetables like tomatoes or peppers and your favorite herbs. Some easy-care choices are sage, chives, thyme, oregano, and basil. If you're above the first floor, be sure to put a drip tray or saucer underneath your pots and planters to prevent any excess water from dripping down below.

Join a Community Garden

Few things are more rewarding than access to a steady supply of delicious fresh vegetables that you have grown yourself. No space of your own? Then consider joining a community garden. It's not as hard as you think and offers you opportunities to meet like-minded people that share similar interests. To find a community garden near you, or to find out how to start a community garden in your community, visit the American Community Garden Association http://acga.localharvest.org/

By Ellen Brown

Growing Food in Recycled Pods

Short on space? Want to grow herbs or salad foods? Then grow food upwards! Yep, this season I have done this using recycled materials and here's how. I used parts of a pallet (wooden slated base which building products are delivered on in the UK) to make a rectangular frame, secured in the corners with screws to provide some strength.

Supplies:

• numerous 4 pint plastic milk bottles ($0.00)
• wood to make a rectangular frame ($0.00)
• strong bamboo sticks ($0.00)
• compost and plants
• cup hooks to hold the bamboo sticks ($£2.00)

Steps:

1. Screw in cup hooks so that I can suspend strong bamboo sticks from one side to another. I made a total of 4 rows.
2. Collect 4 pint plastic milk bottles and cut them down so that the handle can be threaded on to the bamboo stick. Remove the top from behind the screw cap and about 3 inches down the front. Don't forget to put some holes in the base for drainage. I managed to get 6 across on my frame.
3. I then used a Sharpie to write the name of the plants on the front after potting them up. So far I have chives, coriander, chard, mint, parsley, mixed lettuce, marjoram, sage, cress, curry plant, strawberries, etc.

So far, so good, the food is growing and I am thinking about what else I can grow and have come up with trailing tomatoes! Hmmm, wonder what I can grow for winter?

By meshelle

Intensive Gardening Techniques - Small Spaces, Big Yields

Intercropping Techniques

Intercropping is the practice of planting a quick-maturing crop within or between rows of a slower growing crop in order to utilize all the available space. Lettuce, radishes or onions, for example, are fast to mature and can be planted within rows or between rows of slower-growing plants like peas, cabbage, broccoli, eggplant or tomatoes.

Wide Row Planting:

Catch Cropping:

Relay Planting:

In addition to intercropping, consider combining tall crops with low-spreading crops. Try planting caged tomatoes with melons, peas and radishes or lettuce with corn.

Succession Planting

Succession planting staggers the planting of the same crop over a period of 1-3 weeks (depending on the crop). This insures a constant supply of short-season or quick-maturing vegetables all season long. For example, plant a row of lettuce, radishes and spinach and leave a space nearby reserved for a second and third planting 1 to 2 weeks later. When the first row is gone, the second will be peaking and the third well underway. Once harvested, the first row can be raked clean and the planting process repeated.

When combined with raised bed gardens and vertical plantings of "climbers" like cucumbers, peas, beans, and small fruit varieties, intensive gardening techniques are effective ways to produce big yields in small spaces.

By Ellen Brown

Windowbox Gardening

Gardening: Vertical Planting Pouches