Ingredient Substitution List for Cooking and Baking

Ingredient Substitution List:

• 1 tsp. baking powder = 1/4 tsp. baking soda plus 1/4 cup buttermilk or 1/4 tsp. baking soda plus 5/8 tsp. cream of tartar

• 1 cup sifted cake flour = 7/8 cup sifted all-purpose flour or 1 cup all-purpose flour minus 1-2 Tbsp.s

• 1 cup self-rising flour = 1 cup sifted all-purpose flour plus 11/4 tsp.s baking powder and 1/4 tsp. salt

• 1 cup all-purpose flour = 1 cup whole wheat flour

• 1 cup honey = 1 to 11/4 cups sugar plus 1/4 cup liquid

• 2 large eggs = 3 small eggs

• 1 medium egg = 2 egg yolks plus 1 Tbsp. water (for baking)

• 1 medium egg = 2 egg yolks (in custards or cream fillings)

• 1 ounce unsweetened chocolate = 1 square or 3 Tbsp. unsweetened cocoa powder plus 1 Tbsp. butter or margarine

• 6 squares or 6 ounces semisweet chocolate, melted = 1 cup semisweet chocolate chips, melted

• 1 Tbsp. cornstarch (as thickening) = 2 Tbsp. flour or 2 tsp. quick tapioca or 2 egg yolks

• 1 tsp. lemon juice = 1/4 tsp. vinegar

• 1 Tbsp. fresh herbs = 1/4 to 1 tsp. dried herbs

• 1 small garlic clove = 1/8 tsp. garlic powder

• 1 pound fresh mushrooms = 3 ounces dried or 6 ounces canned

• 1 cup whipping cream, whipped = 2 cups thawed whipped topping

• 1 cup whipping cream as liquid = 1/3 cup melted butter plus 1/4 cup milk

• 1 cup light cream = 3 Tbsp. melted butter plus 1/4 cup milk

• 1 cup ricotta cheese = 1 cup cottage cheese, liquid drained

• 1 cup buttermilk = 1 cup plain yogurt, stirred, or 1 Tbsp. lemon juice stirred into milk to make 1 cup; let stand 5 minutes to make soured milk for baking only (never use sour milk that's been in the fridge too long; it's actually spoiled)

• 1 cup whole milk = 2 tsp. melted butter plus 1 cup fat-free milk (or water) or equal parts evaporated milk and water or 1 cup nonfat dry milk plus 2 tsp.s melted butter

• 1 cup sour cream = 3 Tbsp. melted butter stirred into 7/8 cup buttermilk, soured milk or plain yogurt

• 1 cup sour cream = 1 cup plain yogurt (but it will taste less rich from the missing fat)

• Pecans = walnuts, almonds or hazelnuts

• Chunky peanut butter = creamy peanut butter (or grind roasted peanuts in a blender with a little peanut oil)

• 1 cup bread crumbs = 1/4 cup cracker crumbs

• 1 cup butter = 1 cup margarine or 7/8 cup vegetable oil or 7/8 cup butter-flavored shortening

• 1 pound lard = 2 cups shortening

• 1 cup sugar (in baking bread) = 1 cup honey plus a pinch of baking soda

• 1 cup sugar (in baking) = 7/8 cup honey plus a pinch of baking soda

• 1 cup sugar (in main dishes) = 1/4 cup honey

• 1 cup brown sugar = 1 cup white sugar plus 2 Tbsp. molasses

• 1 cup molasses (in baking) = 1 cup sugar (omit baking soda; use baking powder)

• 1/4 cup dry red wine or white wine = 2 Tbsp. sherry or port

• 1/4 cup maple syrup = 1/4 cup maple-flavored syrup, corn syrup or 1 cup sugar and increase liquid in recipe by 3 Tbsp.

• 1 tsp. pumpkin pie spice = 1/4 tsp. nutmeg, 1/4 tsp. ginger, 1/4 tsp. cinnamon

• 1 pound tomatoes = 3 medium or 1/4 cup sauce (6 ounces) or 1/4 cup paste (2 ounces)

• 8 ounces tomato sauce = 2/3 cup water plus 1/3 cup tomato paste

• 3 cups tomato juice = 21/4 cups water plus 6 ounces tomato paste plus 1/4 tsp. salt, dash of sugar

• 1 large marshmallow = 10 mini (dust off cornstarch from their surfaces or it might overload a recipe)

• 1 cup granulated sugar = 11/4 cups powdered sugar for uses other than baking

• 1/4 tsp. powdered ginger = 1 tsp. chopped fresh or 2 tsp. minced crystallized

• 1 head fresh dill = 2 tsp.s dill seed

• 1 Tbsp. grated fresh horseradish = 2 Tbsp. bottled

• 1 tsp. lemon juice = 1/4 tsp. vinegar

• 1 tsp. dry mustard = 1 Tbsp. prepared mustard or 1/4 tsp. mustard seeds

• 1 /4 cup rum = 1 tsp. rum extract plus liquid to make 1/4 cup

• 1 tsp. vanilla extract = 1 inch vanilla bean, split and simmered in liquid of recipe

• 1 cup wine = 13 Tbsp. water, 3 Tbsp. lemon juice and 1 Tbsp. sugar or a little less than 1 cup apple juice plus lemon juice

• 1 cup dry bread crumbs = 3 to 4 slices bread, torn and blenderized

• 1 cup sweetened condensed milk = 1 cup plus 2 Tbsp. dry milk powder plus 1/4 cup warm water plus 1/4 cup sugar and dissolve

• 1/4 tsp. cream of tartar = 11/4 tsp. lemon juice or vinegar

• 1 Tbsp. maple sugar = 1 Tbsp. granulated sugar plus a dash of maple extract